Vertical Impact Crusher Sand Making Machine

Vertical impact breaker sand making machine performance Features

1. Double waterfall flow feeding system, so that the particle shape is more improve the material excellence, and at the same time greatly improve the material through rate.

2. The crushing chamber liner adopts column design, which can be rotated up to four times.

3. Simple installation of impact bars

4. Unique deep cavity design, large handling capacity, high sand formation rate, good grain shape.

Note: The production capacity is determined according to the medium hardness of limestone, and at the same time with the particle size of the material, moisture content, as well as the nature of the material and other factors.

The Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) crusher, often called a sand making machine, utilizes a high-speed rotor to accelerate material and then either impact it against stationary anvils (rock-on-steel configuration) or let it impact against a bed of accumulated material within the machine (rock-on-rock configuration). This impact causes the material to fracture and break down into smaller, cubically shaped particles, ideal for sand production. Here's a detailed breakdown of the working principle:

1. Feed Material:

Raw material, typically crushed rock (e.g., limestone, granite, basalt), is fed into the VSI crusher through a central feed tube located at the top of the machine.

The feed material should be within the recommended size range for the specific VSI model. Oversized material can damage the rotor and reduce efficiency.

2. Material Distribution (Important for Rock-on-Rock):

In rock-on-rock VSIs, a distributor (often a spinning disc or deflector) is placed below the feed tube.

This distributor splits the feed into two streams:

Rotor Feed: A portion of the material is directed to the high-speed rotor.

Anvil Feed: The remaining portion is directed to the outer perimeter of the crusher, forming a stationary 'anvil' or 'rock bed' against which the rotor-accelerated material will impact.

3. Rotor Acceleration:

The heart of the VSI is the high-speed rotor. It consists of a rotating assembly with wear-resistant tips or shoes. The rotor is driven by a powerful electric motor, often through a belt-and-pulley system.

Material fed onto the rotor is rapidly accelerated outwards due to centrifugal force. The rotor speed is a critical parameter that influences the final product size and shape. Higher speeds generally result in finer particles.

The rotor design and the materials used in its construction are crucial for durability and performance. Different rotor designs exist, tailored for different types of material and desired product characteristics. Common rotor types include:

Open Table Rotor: Material is fed onto a flat, open table and flung outwards.

Closed Rotor: Material is fed into enclosed passages within the rotor, providing more controlled acceleration and impact.

Deep Cavity Rotor: Designed for larger feed sizes and higher throughput.

4. Impact and Crushing:

This is where the fundamental difference between the two main VSI configurations comes into play:

Rock-on-Rock (Autogenous Crushing): The high-speed material ejected from the rotor impacts against the rock bed (the 'anvil') formed by the other portion of the feed material. This creates a crushing action where the material is fractured by impact with itself. This configuration produces very cubical particles and less wear on the machine's internal components.

Rock-on-Steel (Anvil Crushing): The high-speed material ejected from the rotor impacts against hardened steel anvils strategically positioned around the perimeter of the crushing chamber. This configuration provides a more aggressive crushing action and can handle a wider range of feed sizes and hardnesses, but it results in higher wear rates on the anvils.

5. Crushed Material Collection:

After impact, the crushed material falls to the bottom of the crusher.

It is then discharged through an outlet, typically onto a conveyor belt for further processing (e.g., screening, washing).

6. Airflow (Important):

VSIs generate a significant amount of airflow due to the high-speed rotation of the rotor.

This airflow helps to remove fines from the crushing chamber and prevent clogging.

Proper ventilation and dust suppression systems are essential to control dust emissions.